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1–10 of about 1100 matches for magnesium -iron -alumnium
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The Magnesium Powertrain Cast Components Project: Part I – Accomplishments of Phase I and the Objectives and Plans for the Magnesium Engine in Phase II (20072552)
Magnesium Technology
In October 2003, a project team comprising General Motors, Ford, DaimlerChrylser and forty-one other North American companies and organizations successfully completed the first half of The Magnesium Powertrain Cast Components Project, thereby taking a substantial step toward the use of magnesium alloys in automotive powertrains. This project, which was begun in January 2001 wit the support of the US Automotive Materials Partnership (USAMP) and the US Department of Energy, set as its overall objective to determine the technical feasibility and cost to benefit ration of producing a magnesium-intensive engine; a V6 engine with a magnesium block, bedplate, and structural oil pan. The Project Team has now completed the first two of project goals in support of that objective: (1) a common protocol evaluation of the state of the art, available, low-cost, creep-resistant magnesium alloys and (2) the completion of an FEA design of the engine. The Project Team also identified the critical research needs to enable further advances for magnesium use in automotive powertrains. Having completed these Phase I goals, the MPCC Team is now beginning the Phase II goals of the project: (3) building the dies and patterns to cast the magnesium components and dynamometer-test these components in assembled powertrains, (4) complete a powertrain magnesium alloy design database and common alloy specification for magnesium powertrain alloys, and (5) promoting the building of the scientific infrastructure for magnesium in North America to enable even more advanced powertrain applications in the future. This presentation provides an overview of the Project accomplishments in Phase I and the strategy for Phase II.

MAGNESIUM THE LIGHTWEIGHT DIE CASTING METAL (19710411)
Casting Engineering (March/April, 1971), p. 10-16
Die castings alloys are used on the basis of volume of metal rather than weight. So, it is the price of metal per casting, and not per pound, that is significant. The lighter weight and low volume price of magnesium provides advantages over both zinc and aluminum. The die caster can get more castings from a given weight of metal. For many years, magnesium die casting has cost less per cubic inch than any other die casting metal. Because of its low specific gravity of only 1.81 (0.66 lb. cu. in.) magnesium at $.30 a pound is equivalent to $.20 aluminum or $.08 zinc. Maximum working stress in the range of 2,500 to 3,000 psi, which is between the suggested maximum ranges for zinc and aluminum die castings, is considered a reliable design level of magnesium die castings. These values allow for a good safety factor for fatigue and creep and insure satisfactory performances over long service. Maximum mechanical properties are obtained in magnesium die castings when the wall thickness is in the range of 0.078 to 0.150 inch. The minimum wall thickness that is castable will depend upon several factors, including configuration of the casting, position of the gate, metal flow in the die, and the projected area of the die cast part. The lightest of all structural metals, magnesium conserves weight without sacrificing strength and rigidity. Magnesium has excellent ability to absorb energy elastically. The elastic energy absorption characteristics of magnesium also provide a good combination of impact strength and dent resistance. Improved ruggedness and durability result rom the use of thick sections.

FIRE CONTROL IN MAGNESIUM FOUNDRIES (1629)
Transactions of the American Foundrymen's Association V 51 P 213-227, 1943 (15 p)
As a result of a series of experiments and actual magnesium fire extinguishing experience, the magnesium foundry, with which the author is connected, developed the methods and selected the magnesium fire extinguishing materials found to be most efficient in controlling magnesium fires. Types of fire extinguishing materials adapted to the various magnesium alloy foundry operations are described. Dust collecting equipment, to be used in connection with casting finishing and grinding operations, is covered. Methods, special extinguishing equipment and materials, and preventive measures taken to combat the magnesium fire hazards encountered in magnesium foundry practices are given in detail. Reclamation of metal chips and safe disposal of fine dust is presented as a practical operation.

PRIMARY MAGNESIUM INDUSTRY AT THE CROSSROADS (20072246)
Light Metal Age V 65 N 3 P 32-35, May/Jun 2007 (4 p)
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the magnesium industry, starting with the various minerals that contain magnesium. The history of the price structure for magnesium is traced from 1915 through to 2005, with explanations for the various changes. Since 1990, China has steadily increased its magnesium production and by 2002 it accounted for half of the world’s magnesium production. Numerous figures illustrate these areas of discussion. China’s recent policies have kept magnesium prices low and this has made it difficult for Western Mg producers to compete while also providing an acceptable return on investments. Changes in Chinese policies are expected to have an impact on magnesium pricing in the future.

Recent Developments on Ultrasonic Cavitation Based Solidification Processing of Bulk Magnesium Nanocomposites (20082701)
International Journal of Metalcasting V2 I1 P57-65
This paper presents the results from our recent development in cast bulk Mg nanocomposites, SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium and magnesium alloys including pure magnesium, and Mg-(2,4)Al-Si and Mg-4Zn were successfully fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation based dispersion of SiC nanoparticles in magnesium melt. As compared to un-reinforced magnesium alloy matrix, the mechanical properties including tensile strength and yield strength were improved significantly while the ductility was retained or even improved. In the microstructure, the grain size was refined considerably by SiC nanoparticles. While same micro SiC clusters still exist in the magnesium matrix, ultrasonic cavitation based processing is very effective in dispersing SiC nanoparticles. A SEM study showed that SiC nanoparticles were dispersed quite well in the areas outside micro SiC clusters. A TEM study on the interface between SiC nanoparticles and magnesium alloy matrix indicates that SiC nanoparticles bonded well with Mg matrices without forming an intermediate phase.

MAKING 2 1/2-RON MAGNESIUM AEROSPACE CASTINGS (19690622)
Foundry (June 1969) p. 148-151
Aircraft Magnesium Corp., Gardena, Calif., one of the very few magnesium sand casting foundries, got into the business of making magnesium castings of this magnitude when it heard that the aerospace industry was going to use shake fixtures made of magnesium. These fixtures hold a spacecraft while it is being tested for its ability to withstand the intense vibrations that occur at liftoff and during firings to jettison parts, change or correct course, and brake for reentry. Magnesium was selected because its camping capacity would effectively minimize vibration and noise that might interfere with the collection of data during the tests. To make the mold for the 2 1/2 ton magnesium casting, a 7,700 lb flask, constructed in three section (cope, cheek, and drag) was built. Twelve tons of green sand were needed for the drag and 20 tons of CO2-sodium silicate sand for the cheek and cope. Ramming the mold took six men, using 120 lb pressure air hammers, three days to complete. A 90-ton capacity crane was used to move the flask, in sections, from the molding area to the pouring pit. The 5,000 lb. of magnesium was poured from two tilting furnaces. The crew manned holding ladles containing additional hot metal for the risers.

MAGNESIUM DRIVING TO PERMANENT MOLD (20072123)
Engineering Casting Solutions V7 N 5 P 29-33, July 2005 (5 p)
Reduced weight is a key term throughout the automotive industry. Currently, magnesium alloys are used for diecast automotive components, such as seat frames, instrument panels and steering wheels. However, there are potential applications such as engine and structural components that cannot be readily die cast. Processes such as lost-pressure permanent mold (LPPM) alloy for magnesium in applications that are not currently feasible. This article discusses the first phase of a project to develop a cast magnesium alloy engine cradle for a Chevrolet Corvette. Several magnesium alloys, such as AM50, MRI 202S-T6 and AZ91 are discussed for this application. Problems associated with casting this cradle are reviewed and pictures of these efforts are shown in the article.

MAGNESIUM LEADS ON WEIGHT: PRICE BASIS (19691021)
Iron Age (Nov. 6, 1969), p. 74-75
The old argument against magnesium . . . it's too soft, too costly or too subject to corrosion . . . no longer applies. Magnesium has proved its serviceable and competitive ability for a wide group of applications. And the list is growing steadily. At 30 cents a pound, due to its lighter weight, magnesium AZ91B die casting alloy ingot is equivalent to 20-cent aluminum or 8- cent zinc on a volume basis. Magnesium casting alloy AZ91B costs less than any other die casting alloy on the basis of cost per cubic inch. The price of aluminum has been raised twice during 1969, while the price of magnesium has remained constant. A few years ago, die casting dies required as much as two weeks of tryout and development work before they could be put into production. Today, cooling, venting and gating are all designed into the die so that production can usually be started not later than 24 hours after the die is installed in the die casting machine. For most applications, the same dies can be used for die casting aluminum and magnesium.

Framework for a Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Magnesium and Steel Autoparts (20082878)
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Light Metals Technology Sept 24-26 2007 Quebec, Canada P243-248
The physical properties of magnesium alloys can be exploited for substituting carbon steel components in cars for a subsequent reduction in fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions, while maintaining the same safety performance. A collaborative life cycle assessment (LCA) between Canada-USA in partnership with Australia is being undertaken for the “Magnesium Front End Research and Development” project. Energy use and potential environmental impacts of using magnesium alloys are assessed in relation to conventional carbon steel front-end parts used in a North America (NA) build luxury vehicle driven for 200,000 km in NA. The scope of this cradle-to-cradle LCA study is limited to NA with the exception of the production of magnesium ingots that is occurring in China. Preliminary LCA results indicate the importance of a wider availability of magnesium life cycle inventory data and demonstrate the fundamental importance of the “end-of-life” recycling of magnesium in order to realize the full benefits of lightweight materials.

THE USAMP MAGNESIUM POWERTRAIN CAST COMPONENT PROJECT (20030412)
JOM-Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials V 55 N 11 P 28-29, 2003 (2 p)
The U.S. Automotive Materials Partnership (USAMP) and the U.S. Department of Energy launched the Magnesium Powertrain Cast Components Project in 2001 to determine the feasibility of producing a magnesium-intensive engine-a six-cylinder engine with a magnesium block, bedplate, oil pan, and front cover. As the project approaches its midpoint, two goals are near completion: evaluation of the best available low- cost, creep resistant magnesium alloys and design of engine components using the properties of the best alloys. Phase II of the project sets three additional goals: casting and testing the magnesium components in assembled powertrains, developing a powertrain magnesium alloy design database and common specifications for magnesium powertrain alloys, and funding and promoting research to enable even more advanced powertrain application in North America.

1–10 of about 1100 matches for magnesium -iron -alumnium
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