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1–10 of about 794 matches for melting methods materials
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THE IMPACT OF ENERGY COSTS ON MELTING METHODS (19830142)
Transactions of the American Foundrymen's Society V 90 P 865- 873 1982 (9 pages)
An analysis using a given set of criteria concerning plant location, energy rate structure, labor costs and melting units is discussed to establish melting process alternatives to rising energy costs. The base factors are explained and average costs per ton melted are related in considerable detail. Energy cost factor changes are then discussed with five case studies being used to illustrate the effects of the alternatives. Decisions in selecting the most appropriate and economic melting method are detailed in the conclusion of the analysis.

SOME EFFECTS OF EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS, AND METHODS OF MELTING ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NODULAR IRON (19750462)
AFS Transactions 1975, p. 153-158 Available as Preprint No. 75-83 @ $3
1) Charge materials influence mechanical properties of nodular iron, with pig iron lowering hardness and strength. 2) Melting and holding times also influence mechanical properties of nodular iron with increasing the time raising hardness and strength. 3) the effect on castings appears to be less than the effect on test bars. 4) Hardness-to-strength relationships were not changed by either charge materials or melting and holding practice employed. 5) Differences in melting and holding equipment in themselves did not produce changes in mechanical properties of nodular iron produced.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT METALLIC RAW MATERIALS FOR IRON FOUNDRY MELTING (19670101)
AFS Transactions Vol. 75, (1967) pages 316-320 Modern Casting Vol. 52, No. 4, (October 1967) pages 88-92
The article discusses many of the raw materials available to the melter along with the advantages and limitations of each. In many respects this information is applicable to other melting methods, however, the emphasis is directed toward raw materials for cupolas and is limited to metallic raw materials. Pig Iron: (1) Blast Furnace Pig Iron which gives a high silicon level tends to produce higher levels of manganese, chromium and vanadium. (2) Primary Pig Iron - Not Blast Furnace can provide very low silicon and manganese levels important in some kinds of ductile iron production. Auto Steel Scrap: (1) Selected components, example: wheels or cut frames, are very low in phosphorus copper and chromium. (2) Bundled No. 2 Steel is not used extensively in cupolas. (3) No. 2 Automotive Slab have smaller pieces and might be cleaner than bundles. (4) Shredded or fragmented steel shows a metal analysis directly proportional to the amount of stripping prior to fragmentization. Other Steel Scrap: (1) Structural Steel from bridges have a high phosphorus level. (2) Steel punchings can be used up to 30%. (3) Electrical sheet croppings are high in silicon. (4) Foundry Steel and Cut Rails are premium material. (5) Future Cut Car Sides are relatively high in copper, Nickel and chromium because they are being made of various proprietary high strength steels. Cleaned motor blocks, Drop broken machinery cast are sources of fine scrap. Briquetted borings success is directly proportional to the condition of the briquettes. Coated material contain troublesome lead in terneplate. Galvanized steel is good but Enameled scrap cause tramp elements.

MAINTAINING COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH TECH DEVELOPMENT (20072109)
Modern Casting V 96 N 3 P 40-44, Mar 2006 (5 p)
This article describes three research projects by the AFS Thin Wall Iron Group, Magnesium Div and Melting Methods and materials Div. that provide practical information for metalcasters to remain on the cusp of technological advancement. The goal, approach and results for each project are described. The goal of the first project was to develop dimensional data as a function of four principal green sand casting parameters. The goal of the second project was to evaluate a new high temperature magnesium alloy, AE4, with regard to bolt load retention. This alloy would be used for a magnesium engine cradle. The goal of the third project was to develop silicon recovery data when induction melting under a variety of conditions

MAINTAINING COMPETITIVENESS THROUGH TECH DEVELOPMENT (20061819)
Modern Casting V 96 N 2 P 41-44, Mar 2006 (4 p)
This article details three research projects conducted by the AFS Thin Wall Iron Group, Magnesium Div, and Melting Methods and Materials Div that provide metalcasters with practical information to maintain competitiveness. The research was funded by industry, AFS and various governmental agencies. Project 1 describes an investigation into four major factors thought to influence dimensional control of gray iron castings, which in turn effects the ability to produce thin-walled gray iron castings. Project 2 describes the effort to produce a magnesium front engine cradle for the 2006 Corvette, resulting in a 35% weight savings from the current production method. Project 3 describes the melt loss, including total yield and alloy loss under various induction melting conditions.

THE EFFECT OF FERROUS CHARGE MATERIALS AND COVERED MELTING ON METALLIC AND ALLOY RECOVERY IN IRON MELTS (20030295)
Transactions of the American Foundry Society V 111 Paper No 03-042 P 1101-1112, 2003 (12 p)
This paper evaluates the effects of melting condition and charge material type on the metallic and alloy recovery of ferrous charge materials. The charge materials investigated were thin steel scrap, thick steel scrap, cast iron scrap, and pig iron in the rusty and clean states. During the study, fiftyfive heats were melted to evaluate the effects that scrap type and melting condition had on slag generation, metallic recovery, and alloy recovery. In this study, it was found that neither covered melting nor melting clean (non-rusty) ferrous charge materials improved the metallic recovery over the recovery experience with uncovered melting or rusty charge materials. However, the silicon and manganese recoveries were greater with covered melting and clean materials. Silicon and manganese in the molten iron react with oxygen dissolved in the iron from uncovered melting and oxidized iron (surface rust).

MELTING AND SUPERHEATING IRON IN ROTARY FURNACES (19760541)
British Foundrymen (April 1976) p. 81-88
Numerous aspects of the rotary furnaces are presented in this article. Principles of heat transfer are reviewed along with schematic diagrams of rotary furnaces. Melting methods, controls, charge materials and refractory linings are also covered. It is pointed out that one of the advantages of a rotary furnace is the fact that it can melt low cost raw materials such as contaminated cast iron borings which cause pollution and other problems in an induction furnace. Labor costs for lining repair are also less.

REFRACTORY PRACTICE FOR CHANNEL INDUCTION MELTING--IRON (19730439)
Foundry (May 1973), p. 50-53
This article covers the fundamental technology associated with lining materials and installation practice for channel induction furnaces for iron. Its purpose is to help foundrymen select materials and practices to optimize furnace operating costs. These include: 1. What represents economical refractory costs? 2. What materials and installation methods are available? 3. What are the costs of the materials and installation methods? 4. How do refractories fail? 5. What methods of repair and preventive measures are available? 6. What relationship do conductive heat losses have to risk and operating cost?

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ACID VS. BASIC MELTING (19990488)
Transactions of the American Foundrymen's Society V 107 Paper No 99- 113 P 629-632, 1999 (4 p)
Perhaps the most discussed topic among North American foundry metallurgists is acid vs. basic melting. There have been several recent papers written on the subject; however, controversy still exists. In the U.S., the trend has switched from being predominantly acid melting in the 1980s to the present, where most of the foundries are basic melting. Yet the raw materials required to melt by the basic practice are more costly than are the materials required for the acid practice. It is apparent that more factors, other than material costs, are considered when choosing the melting practice. The information included in this paper should help the foundry decide if a change should be made in the melting operation.

1–10 of about 794 matches for melting methods materials
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